See κορυφή in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "koruphaîos",
"word": "κορῠφαῖος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "melankóruphos",
"word": "μελαγκόρυφος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Corypha",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Corypha",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Corypha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Corypha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Corypha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Beekes, from a Pre-Greek root common to κόρυμβος (kórumbos, “tip of a ship or mountain”) and κόρυς (kórus, “helmet”), based on κορυφ-/κορυμβ- alternation with the aforementioned κόρυμβος (kórumbos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphḗ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῆς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ κορῠφή",
"roman": "hē koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "tṑ koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ κορῠφαί",
"roman": "hai koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς κορῠφῆς",
"roman": "tês koruphês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κορῠφαῖν",
"roman": "toîn koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κορῠφῶν",
"roman": "tôn koruphôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ κορῠφῇ",
"roman": "têi koruphêi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κορῠφαῖν",
"roman": "toîn koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς κορῠφαῖς",
"roman": "taîs koruphaîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν κορῠφήν",
"roman": "tḕn koruphḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "tṑ koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς κορῠφᾱ́ς",
"roman": "tā̀s koruphā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῆς",
"roman": "koruphês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́ων",
"roman": "koruphā́ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφέ͜ων",
"roman": "koruphé͜ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῶν",
"roman": "koruphôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇ",
"roman": "koruphêi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇσῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇσῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêisin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφήν",
"roman": "koruphḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́ς",
"roman": "koruphā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφῆς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "κορῠφή"
},
"expansion": "κορῠφή • (koruphḗ) f (genitive κορῠφῆς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφή",
"2": "ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφή",
"2": "ης",
"dial": "epi"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 39 33 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top of the head, crown"
],
"id": "en-κορυφή-grc-noun-kzONgtau",
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mountain peak"
],
"id": "en-κορυφή-grc-noun-0aptgYqk",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 7 39 33 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, apex"
],
"id": "en-κορυφή-grc-noun-K88kSBR0",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"apex",
"apex"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "grc:Geometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 39 33 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 29 40 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 13 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 17 16 3 9 11 13 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vertex of a triangle"
],
"id": "en-κορυφή-grc-noun-Wyra1byH",
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"vertex",
"vertex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) vertex of a triangle"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the best thing, excellence"
],
"id": "en-κορυφή-grc-noun-2tPK1j7p",
"links": [
[
"excellence",
"excellence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ko.ry.pʰɛ̌ː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈɸi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.riˈfi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ry.pʰɛ̌ː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈpʰe̝/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈɸi/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈfi/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.riˈfi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κορυφή"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
"Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Ancient Greek first-declension nouns",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek nouns",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "koruphaîos",
"word": "κορῠφαῖος"
},
{
"roman": "melankóruphos",
"word": "μελαγκόρυφος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Corypha",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Corypha",
"name": "taxfmt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Corypha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Corypha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Corypha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "qsb-grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Pre-Greek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Beekes, from a Pre-Greek root common to κόρυμβος (kórumbos, “tip of a ship or mountain”) and κόρυς (kórus, “helmet”), based on κορυφ-/κορυμβ- alternation with the aforementioned κόρυμβος (kórumbos).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphḗ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῆς",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Attic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ἡ κορῠφή",
"roman": "hē koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "tṑ koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "αἱ κορῠφαί",
"roman": "hai koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῆς κορῠφῆς",
"roman": "tês koruphês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κορῠφαῖν",
"roman": "toîn koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "τῶν κορῠφῶν",
"roman": "tôn koruphôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τῇ κορῠφῇ",
"roman": "têi koruphêi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τοῖν κορῠφαῖν",
"roman": "toîn koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ταῖς κορῠφαῖς",
"roman": "taîs koruphaîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "τὴν κορῠφήν",
"roman": "tḕn koruphḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "τὼ κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "tṑ koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "τᾱ̀ς κορῠφᾱ́ς",
"roman": "tā̀s koruphā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Epic declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "grc-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "First declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῆς",
"roman": "koruphês",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́ων",
"roman": "koruphā́ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφέ͜ων",
"roman": "koruphé͜ōn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῶν",
"roman": "koruphôn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇ",
"roman": "koruphêi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇσῐ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇσῐν",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφῇς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαῖς",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêisin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphêis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koruphaîs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφήν",
"roman": "koruphḗn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́ς",
"roman": "koruphā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφή",
"roman": "koruphḗ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφᾱ́",
"roman": "koruphā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "κορῠφαί",
"roman": "koruphaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφῆς",
"2": "f",
"3": "first",
"head": "κορῠφή"
},
"expansion": "κορῠφή • (koruphḗ) f (genitive κορῠφῆς); first declension",
"name": "grc-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφή",
"2": "ης"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "κορῠφή",
"2": "ης",
"dial": "epi"
},
"name": "grc-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"top of the head, crown"
],
"links": [
[
"crown",
"crown"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mountain peak"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"top, apex"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"apex",
"apex"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Geometry"
],
"glosses": [
"vertex of a triangle"
],
"links": [
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"vertex",
"vertex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geometry) vertex of a triangle"
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the best thing, excellence"
],
"links": [
[
"excellence",
"excellence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ko.ry.pʰɛ̌ː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈɸi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.riˈfi/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ry.pʰɛ̌ː/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈpʰe̝/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈɸi/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.ryˈfi/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/ko.riˈfi/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"word": "κορυφή"
}
Download raw JSONL data for κορυφή meaning in Ancient Greek (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Ancient Greek dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.